Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Living in Child Care Homes in Kathmandu

Abstract

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, which is characterized by pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Mental health is a major challenge in vulnerable children. The study aimed to assess ADHD among children living in childcare homes.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 151 children living in childcare homes in Kathmandu. Data were collected conveniently through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The ADHD was assessed using validated Devkota’s ADHD scale. Ethical approval was received, and ethical issues were addressed. Data were processed using IBM SPSS v.25.0. Descriptive statistics and  chi-square test was used.

Results: ADHD was 11.92%. Hyperactivity was the most common subtype (9.93%), followed by impulsivity (5.30%) and inattention (1.32%). ADHD was higher in males (16.2%) than in females (8.4%). Similarly, the distribution of ADHD was higher in early-aged children, early-aged admitted, with long stays in childcare homes, those with family problems, and had lower educated caregivers. However, there was no significant association was observed.

Conclusions: ADHD was high among children residing in childcare homes. Hyperactivity was the most common subtype. Children in childcare homes could be vulnerable to developing behavioral disorders including ADHD. Further study is recommended to explore co-morbidity and associated factors with behavioral and emotional disorders in children in childcare homes.