Epidermal Cyst in the Male Breast: A Case Report

Abstract

Epidermal cysts (EC) are benign lesions lined with epithelial cells and filled with keratin. They commonly develop spontaneously or after skin injury, typically appearing on the face, neck, and trunk, with a higher prevalence in men during their third and fourth decades. While most ECs are asymptomatic, some can cause discomfort or infection, and in rare cases, may become malignant. Diagnosis is usually made through ultrasound or MRI. Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment, while larger or symptomatic ones are surgically removed. A 52-year-old man presented with a gradually enlarging left breast swelling over five years. Imaging revealed a predominantly hypoechoic lesion, and FNAC confirmed it as an epidermal inclusion cyst. Surgical excision was successfully performed, showing keratinizing squamous cells. Epidermal cysts (EC) are benign lesions characterized by epithelial proliferation and keratin production, often occurring spontaneously or following injury. While primarily found on the face, neck, and trunk, breast involvement is rare. Diagnosis relies on imaging and histopathology, with complete surgical excision recommended for symptomatic cases.